Title Of Article Research Articles

Association between ABO blood groups and risk of COVID-19 infection: An umbrella review

Numerous primary studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have been conducted to examine the association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The findings, however, are preliminary and contentious. As a result, the following umbrella review examines the relationship between ABO blood groups and the risk of COVID-19 infection. From December 9, 2020, to December 29, 2020, relevant articles were searched using Google Scholar, Google, and Cochrane systematic review databases. After eliminating duplicates and screening records based on article titles, abstracts, and full texts, four full article texts met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using a narrative approach. This umbrella review suggests that blood group A may be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and blood group O may be a protective factor; however, all studies included in this umbrella review reported significant heterogeneity across primary studies, which may explain inconsistent and discordant findings regarding the relationship between ABO blood groups and risk of COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality outcomes, thereby limiting the findings. Thus, additional methodologically rigorous and experimental research and prospective cohort studies are warranted.

Role of Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) in the Management of Pulmonary Sequestration; A Meta-Analysis

Background: Pulmonary sequestration is a rare birth defect. It is a nonfunctioning dysplastic lung tissue without connection to the tracheobronchial tree, and its blood supply is from one or more aberrant systemic arteries. The aim of this study is to review the current literature regarding the role of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the management of pulmonary sequestration. Objective: This review aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) in managing pulmonary sequestration while considering patient characteristics, symptoms, arterial sources, surgical techniques, and postoperative advantages. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English. Article titles containing the words “Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Pulmonary Sequestration and/or VATS” were filtered out of the search to exclude a large portion of irrelevant studies. The extracted data were analyzed. The data extracted were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: After excluding the unrelated articles, 27 studies were identified for analysis; most of the studies (18) were case reports, with nine being case series, and the total number of patients who underwent pulmonary sequestration by VATS was 240. Both genders were equally affected (125, 52% were male and 115, 48% were female), the most common presenting symptom was coughing,and the descending thoracic aorta was the most common artery from which the feeders originated. About 149 patients (62.08%) underwent a lobectomy. Conclusion: Pulmonary sequestration can safely be treated by VATS at single or multiple ports with a shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain, and fewer analgesic requirements.

Profil dan Visualisasi Kata Kunci Media Pustakawan dan Visi Pustaka Periode 2017-2021

Profile and visualization of the keywords Media Librarian and Library Vision for the 2017-2022 period were carried out using the Bibliometric method. The research objectives were to determine: 1. The number of articles published in both journals during 2017-2022; 2. Authors who contributed to the two journals, and 3. Keyword profiles and visualization using Vosviewer. Data were taken from both journal sites, namely https://ejournal.perpusnas.go.id. The data collected is the number of articles, authors and keywords used in both journals. The results and conclusions of the research are that Media Librarian has 135 articles from 18 publications, more than the Visi Pustaka journal, which has 135 article titles from 15 publications. Authors who contributed to Librarian Media and Library Vision were 204 authors and 158 authors, respectively. Vision Pustaka published regularly and regularly compared to Media Librarians. The publication with the most authors in the Media Librarian journal is in vol. 26 no. 4, 2019, with as many as 16 authors, while in the Librarian Vision journal, it is in vol. 23 no. 2, 2021, with as many as 15 authors. The highest number of writers is common, with Media Librarians with 15 writers. The number of occurrences of different keywords in Vision Reader is 292 out of the existing keywords 395. In contrast, the keywords in Media Librarian are more numerous than the keywords in Vision Library, with different keywords of 370 of the number of keyword occurrences. There were 607 of them. The resulting phrases or keywords that were often used in Vision Library appeared 148 times out of 37 different keywords generated, including Library/Library appearing 21 times (0.14%), Bibliometrics appearing 19 times (0 .13%), and Librarian/Librarian appeared 14 times (0.09%). Phrases or keywords that are often used in Librarian Media appear 222 times out of 31 different keywords, including Librarian/Librarian appearing 41 times (0.18%), Bibliometrics appearing 23 times (0.10%), and Library/Library appearing 19 times (0.09%). The two journals, both Media and Librarian Visi Pustaka, have the same phrases or keywords used. Visualization of the emergence of the title and abstract keywords in both journals produces the same topic by dominating the topics discussing libraries, Indonesia, librarians, users and information and connecting them with keywords in other clusters. The least discussed keywords relate to user anxiety, pandemic, information needs, users and analysis of digitalization, innovation, digital era, library collection and digital library. It is suggested that keywords that occur a little can be used as a topic for further research as a novelty in writing in the field of libraries.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in the management of neck pain.

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain, disability, and range of movement in patients with neck pain. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HILT for neck pain disorders were searched across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, the PEDro database, and Google Scholar (updated January 7, 2024). The main outcome was pain intensity, with neck disability and cervical range of motion as secondary outcomes. Researchers reviewed article titles and abstracts from different databases using the Rayyan web app. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence-based recommendations were developed using the GRADE approach. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled effect in terms of mean differences (MD) for the outcomes of interest, along with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Twenty studies met the selection criteria and were potentially eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. At the end of the treatment, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.01) pooled MD of -14.1mm for pain intensity (17 RCTs) with the VAS (95% CI:-18.4,-9.7), 3.9° (95% CI:1.9,6.7) for cervical extension (9 RCTs), and -8.3% (95% CI:-14.1,-4.1) for disability diminish (12 RCTs) with the neck disability index in favor of HILT. Only the results for pain intensity are in line with the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) reported in the literature. Overall, the evidence was deemed significant but with low certainty, attributed to observed heterogeneity and some risk of bias among the RCTs. HILT demonstrates effectiveness in reducing neck pain and disability while enhancing cervical extension when added to other physical therapy interventions, especially therapeutic exercise, based on a moderate level of evidence. This review highlights that the most favorable results are obtained when HILT is employed to address myofascial pain, cervical radiculopathy and chronic neck pain.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023387394 (Registration date, 14/01/2023).

Bibliometric analysis of wastewater treatment with microalgae in the period 1985–2023

E Objective. To indicate the condition of the wastewater treatment with microalgae (WTwM) research. Methodology. The words treatment, wastewater, and microalgae, were entered as keywords in a search under "article title" in SCOPUS. The documents found were saved and exported as a file with a .bb extension. From R Studio, the BIBLIOMETRIX interface was linked to R Statistics. The interface was opened from MOZILLA to import the .bb file. Results. There is a significant increase in the number of papers published since 2013, up to 68 articles in 2022. The authors with the highest number of contributions on the subject are Ivet Ferrer and Joan García. The countries most involved in this issue are China, Spain, India and Brazil; China is the one with the highest number of publications. The WTwM studies in 2023 are concerned with investigating biomass accumulation and nutrient removal as a way to make sustainable use of the process. Conclusions. WTwM is a research topic that is studying and disseminating knowledge since the 80's. The author who stands out the most is Ivet Ferrer. China has little collaboration with scientists from other countries. The most recent WTwM studies address issues related to biodiesel production and biogas production. The topics to be addressed in future research will be related to the study of temperature, osmotic capacity, pH and O2 levels.

The effects of probiotics supplementation on Helicobacter pylori standard treatment: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses

Helicobacter pylori infection, a worldwide health issue, is typically treated with standard antibiotic therapies. However, these treatments often face resistance and non-compliance due to side effects. In this umbrella review, we aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of probiotics supplementation in different preparations on Helicobacter pylori standard treatment. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library from inception to June 1, 2023, to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses that focused on eradication rates, total side effects and other outcomes of interest. The most comprehensive meta-analysis was selected for data extraction. AMSTAR 2 was used to assess quality of meta-analyses. Overall, 28 unique meta-analyses based on 534 RCTs were included. The results suggests that probiotics supplementation with pooled probiotic strains was significantly associated with improved eradication rates (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14) and reduced risk of total side effects (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42–0.70) compared with standard therapy alone. Single-strained or multi-strained preparation of probiotics supplementation showed similar results. Despite Bifidobacterium spp. showing the highest potential for eradication, the study quality was critically low for most meta-analyses, necessitating further high-quality research to explore the optimal probiotic strains or their combinations for Helicobacter pylori treatment.aq_start?>Kindly check and confirm the edit made in article title.

Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2024

Article Title: Comparative Efficacy of P-CAB vs Proton Pump Inhibitors for Grade C/D Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2024

Article Title: Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab for Ulcerative Colitis Through 4 Years: Final Results of the UNIFI Long-term Maintenance Study

Aging with and into disability: An introductory review with clarification of basic terms

Aging involves the progression of becoming older, encompassing physical, mental, and social changes that take place in individuals over time. The longer lifespan and decreasing fertility rates have brought attention to the difficulties experienced by elderly people with disabilities. A survey method was used to collect titles of articles from different electronic databases, both online and offline, in national and international journals, as well as chapters or full-length books in the fields of gerontology and disability studies. The resulting list of 95 entries up to March 2024 was examined using the SANRA guidelines (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles: Baethge, Goldbeck-Wood, &amp; Mertens, 2019), aided by a flow chart and harvest plot to visually present the findings. The main focus was on clarifying fundamental terms related to aging with and into disability, successful aging, atypical aging, psychological aging, premature aging, and others. This type of clarification, which is not yet available from a single source, is considered necessary for aspiring researchers in this field to choose specific topics or themes for further study. The findings provide valuable insights for future considerations and opportunities for additional research.

The Analytical Trait in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) Personality Profiling as an Important Personality Trait to Identify the Climate Changer Leadership: A Lacking Knowledge in the Literature

Purpose: This short note aims to review all the available literature using the keywords ‘Leader Personality’ in the Scopus database and propose the usage of analytical traits in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) personality profiling (PP) to identify climate changer leadership with logical rationales. Methodology: Using the Scopus database on 26 April 2024, with the keywords ‘Leader Personality’ in the article title. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer to generate a clear graphical representation of bibliometric maps. Findings: A total of 250 papers were reached using the Scopus database search, which had high relevancy. Based on the visualization of the paper network confirming the main research themes, from 1920 to 2024, 20 items with 6 major clusters were found. However, the item with Analytical was not found in all the 6 major clusters. Therefore, all the above literature indicates that the use of analytical trait among leaders is still lacking in the literature. Following that, the usage of analytical traits in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) personality profiling (PP) to identify the climate changer leadership is proposed, with a hypothetical comparison of leadership between high and low analytical traits. A hypothetical comparison of leadership between high and low analytical traits can be used since a) Overall, a high analytical trait uses data-driven decisions, while low analytical personalities rely on intuition in leadership roles; b) Good communication style where high analytical leaders emphasize clear communication, while low analytical leaders use storytelling and emotional appeals; c) Efficient indecision-making process, where high analytical personalities analyze thoroughly before decisions, while low analytical individuals rely on instinct; d) Positive impact on team dynamics where teams under high analytical leaders focus on data-driven metrics, while teams under low analytical leaders emphasize creativity; e) Approach to challenges, where high analytical leaders break down challenges for systematic problem-solving, while low analytical leaders tackle challenges holistically. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Hence, there is a rationale to propose and to highlight the use of analytical trait in leaders of an organization. Therefore, this has become a novelty in this present paper. Overall, this analytical trait enables leaders to understand the complexity of climate change and its impact on various sectors, such as energy, agriculture, and transportation.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ENDOCROWN STUDIES PUBLISHED IN ENDODONTIC JOURNALS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF SCI-EXPANDED

Purpose: This study aimed to make a bibliometric analysis of endocrown studies published in the International Endodontic Journal (IEJ), Journal of Endodontic (JOE) and Australian Endodontic Journal (AEJ) within the scope of Science Citation Index Expanded (Sci-Exp). Methods: Studies published in IEJ, JOE and AEJ journals were determined using the keyword 'endocrown'. The article title, keywords and content of the articles were examined. The publications were recorded, including the journal, publication year, countries where the authors were located, type of publication, number of citations. Results: One abstract, three research articles, and four reviews, were retrieved. Five of these studies were published in the IEJ and the remaining three were in the JOE, any publication related to endocrowns could not be found in the AEJ. JOE was superior to IEJ in terms of the number of citations. The number of researchers participating in studies was the highest in Brazil. Conclusion: Limited number of articles were found on endocrowns in the endodontic journals within the scope of sci-expanded. All reviews and the abstract were included in IEJ whereas all of the research articles were published in JOE. The most cited publication was a research article in JOE.

Analysis of the 50 Most Impactful Publications Pertaining to COVID-19 and Orthopaedic Surgery: What Have we Learned?

Purpose There has been abundant research published regarding the impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic surgical patients which have varying degrees of impact on clinical practice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the most influential articles relating to COVID-19 and patients undergoing orthopaedic surgical procedures. Though the global pandemic is over, it is beneficial to understand how the resilience of the healthcare system adapted to guide policy development and improve patient care amidst a worldwide time of crisis. Methods The Clarivate Web of Science Core Collection was searched for ‘COVID-19 AND orthopaedic surgery’ and returned 388 articles. The most influential peer-reviewed publications were determined by citation number. Expert opinion and review articles were excluded. Article title, journal name, type of study, country of publication, and clinically relevant findings of each study were collected. Results The top-50 most influential manuscripts concluded these articles were collectively cited 1875 times. The total citations ranged from 13 to 111 citations per article with a mean of 38 (95% confidence interval [31, 44]). England (14), the United States (11), and Italy (10) had the top number of publications. The top affiliations were IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (5) and the University of London (4). The most popular journals were Bone &amp; Joint Open (10) and International Orthopaedics (10). Though the articles were largely heterogeneous, they described the necessity of orthopaedic surgeons during the pandemic as well as safety precautions to prevent COVID-19 transmission in orthopaedic patients. Conclusion This comprehensive analysis identified the 50 most influential peer-reviewed clinical publications regarding COVID-19 and orthopaedic surgery, which is a concise resource that can be used to inform patient decision-making regarding orthopaedic care and COVID-19. The top-50 articles highlighted the importance of resource utilization, increased use of telemedicine, enhanced infection control measures, patient-centered care, and the well-being of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Riddling Substitution of "hsa" to "has" in the Enigmatic MicroRNA Nomenclature.

This concise review and analysis offers an initial unpacking of a previously under-recognized issue within the microRNA research and communications field regarding the inadvertent use of "has" instead of "hsa" in article titles in the microRNA nomenclature. This subtle change, often the result of grammar auto correction tools, introduces considerable ambiguity and confusion among readers and researchers in reporting of microRNA-related discoveries. The impact of this issue cannot be underestimated, as precise and consistent nomenclature is vital for science communication and computational retrieval of relevant scientific literature and to advance science and innovation. We suggest that the recognition and correction of these often inadvertent "hsa" to "has" substitution errors are timely and important so as to ensure a higher level of accuracy throughout the writing and publication process in the microRNA field in particular. Doing so will also contribute to clarity and consistency in the field of microRNA research, ultimately improving scientific veracity, communication, and progress.

Conditions for successful adult learning systems at local level: creating a conducive socio-spatial environment for adults to engage in learning

ABSTRACT Adults must continually learn to navigate the challenges of society and the job market. This lifelong learning is vital, particularly for vulnerable adults, and should be fostered in their living and working environment. In this article, we present a literature review exploring the conditions of conducive learning environments at meso-level, being the socio-spatial learning infrastructure constituted by learning providers, policies and interventions. The review started with an article title search using key words which was further enriched by assessing relevant studies for well-known international organisations. In total, 23 sources explicitly discussed success factors of conducive learning environments, grouped in those reflecting on local learning centres (three); learning communities (including cities) (twelve), and adult learning policies (eight). Looking at these different strands of literature covered the full spectrum of conditions from generic system-related characteristics to nuanced intervention-related characteristics. As a result, 12 conditions were identified, including system-related characteristics (political will, governance, partnership, funding, monitoring) and intervention characteristics (trusting environment, professionalism, guidance, outreach, tailoring to needs, learning leads to progression). Both blocs of conditions impact each other, and they should both be taken into account by policy makers in assessing and developing adult learning policies and interventions at meso-level.

Artificial intelligence based on falling in older people: A bibliometric analysis.

This study aimed to analyze publications on artificial intelligence (AI) for falls in older people from a bibliometric perspective. The Web of Science database was searched for titles of English-language articles containing the words "artificial intelligence," "deep learning," "machine learning," "natural language processing,", "neural artificial network," "fall," "geriatric," "elderly," "aging," "older," and "old age." An R-based application (Biblioshiny for bibliometrics) and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. Thirty-seven English articles published between 2018 and 2024 were included. The year 2023 is the year with the most publications with 16 articles. The most productive research field was "Engineering Electrical Electronic" with seven articles. The most productive country was the United States, followed by China. The most common words were "injuries," "people," and "risk factors." Publications on AI and falls in the elderly are both few in number and the number of publications has increased in recent years. Future research should include relevant analyses in scientific databases, such as Scopus and PubMed.

Becoming epistemically active in online reading: Facilitating elementary school students’ multimodal multiple document reading via sourcing organizers

In the AI era, it has become crucial to evaluate information found on the Internet critically. This research aimed to investigate the impact of a sourcing organizer on sixth graders' online multimodal and multiple document reading (MMDR) abilities, focusing on aspects such as source-content link and text integration in relation to reading on the Internet. Cognitive and affective factors associated with MMDR were examined. The study involved 52 sixth-graders (55.77% males) from two typical elementary school classes in the northern region of Taiwan. Two intact classes were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group with the quasi-experimental design. The experimental group (n = 26) received a pre-outlined sourcing organizer, guiding them to record the article title, author, publication date, website name, and major assertions from six assigned multimodal texts. In contrast, the control group (n = 26) received a regular organizer, prompting them to summarize the main ideas from the same six assigned multimodal texts. The study's findings indicated that employing sourcing organizers positively impacted students' performance in text integration. However, it was observed that both groups, regardless of whether they used regular organizers or sourcing organizers, experienced benefits in terms of source-content links. Furthermore, reading ability emerged as the sole significant predictor for source-content links, whereas both reading ability and the use of sourcing organizers predicted text integration. The implications of these findings were discussed to provide insights into instructional strategies to develop online MMDR competencies in elementary students.

Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Elderly Patients:&#x0D; A Review

Background. Distal radius fractures (DRF) are one of the most common injuries in the elderly population. Their incidence increases steadily, with epidemiologists predicting further growth. Despite its growing prevalence, the efficacy of surgical treatment for this pathology in elderly patients remains debatable.&#x0D; Aim — to determine the optimal method for treating distal radius fractures in the elderly population basing on a comparative analysis of the literature data on various treatment methods, including conservative and surgical ones.&#x0D; Methods. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases according to the following keywords, their derivatives and combinations in the titles and abstracts: treatment, distal radius fracture, elderly. Initial analysis for meeting the inclusion criteria was performed on the article titles and abstracts, followed by analysis of the full-text articles. The sources with unavailable full-text versions were excluded from the analysis.&#x0D; Results. Current epidemiological data were studied, specific aspects of physical examination of elderly patients with distal radius fractures were described, the main treatment methods were determined. The main treatment method remains the conservative one: closed reduction and immobilisation. Open reduction and internal fixation with a volar locking plate has become the leading surgical treatment method in recent decades, replacing such methods as closed reduction and fixation with wires or external fixation. At early follow-up, elderly patients operated on with volar locking plate show better functional results than those who received conservative treatment. However, at long-term follow-up, most studies show no significant differences in functional outcomes after surgical and conservative treatment, despite the differences in radiological data in favour of surgical treatment.&#x0D; Conclusion. For the majority of elderly patients, conservative treatment may be the optimal treatment option. Surgical intervention using a volar locking plate may be justified for certain groups of elderly patients, as this method may accelerate rehabilitation after injury.

Grandparenting children with disabilities: An introductory review with focus on theories and measurements

The research on the experiences of grandparents involved in caring for children with disabilities is a neglected area in empirical studies. Using a survey design, titles of articles from national and international journals, books, and databases were collected in the fields of family science, gerontology, and disability studies. Out of 165 references available to the author until December 2023, 82 entries were reviewed by analyzing aspects such as format, timelines, journal titles, and themes that resulted in the identification of 20 relevant research articles primarly focusing on theories and measuremen. Grandparents were found to face unique challenges such as emotional stress, isolation, lack of peer support, the demanding nature of caregiving, and concerns about the future of their grandchildren with disabilities. Financial burdens for medical expenses, therapies, and special education services were other areas of concern. Issues like intergenerational conflicts, language barriers in multicultural settings, transportation difficulties, and toxic grandparenting are also highlighted. The study revealed a scarcity of information on grandparenting theories and measurement tools across different cultures and time periods. It calls for researchers to reassess, revise, and update existing theories, paradigms, models, tools, and measurements to adapt to the evolving landscape of caregiving for children with disabilities in the digital era.

COVID-19 and progress in therapeutic approaches: a narrative review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), scientifically known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has adversely affect the respiratory system of humans and badly crushed the economies of most developed countries. This study aims to investigate the current COVID-19 situation and therapeutic approaches including non-viral vaccines, efficacy, safety, their trials, dosage protocols and mass vaccination established for COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases. The title of the research articles were reviewed first, followed by the abstracts and finally the complete studies. This review critically focuses on the damaging effects of COVID-19 and its mutations, multiple variants, pharmacological approaches, and mRNA vaccines. COVID-19 is an emerging new variant with a different mutation and altered genomic structure. Different pharmacological and therapeutic approaches (interferon, oligonucleotides, anti-viral drug molecules, antibody peptides) have been made so far to combat COVID-19. Interferons are employed in COVID-19 treatment approaches owing to the role of Type I interferons in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Along with these therapeutic methodologies, companies from all over the world participated in the run to develop a vaccine for COVID-19. Vaccines were developed in less than a year for vaccinating humans on a mass level for the first time in world history. These vaccines target structural components of the virus, such as membrane proteins with a spike protein. This article provides valuable information for researchers regarding COVID-19 and progress in therapeutic approaches. This article will serve as a hallmark for understanding the COVID-19 mutation mechanism and strategies to combat these mutation points.

Self-similarity study based on the particle sizes of coal-series diatomite

Coal-series diatomite (CSD) is widely distributed in China and has poor functional and structural properties and exhibits limited utilization of high value-added materials, resulting in a serious waste of resources and tremendous pressure on the environment. Moreover, due to differences in the mineralogical characteristics of CSD, different particle size scales (PSSs) have different functional structures and exhibit different self-similarities. In this study, we took CSD as the research object and PSS as the entry point and carried out a self-similarity study based on gas adsorption and an image processing method to illustrate the microstructures and self-similarities of different PSSs. The results showed that the pore structure of the CSD was dominated by mesopores and macropores and basically lacked micropores. The fractal dimensions were calculated with the Frenkel-Haisey-Hill (FHH) model and Menger model, and the DF1 values for − 0.025 mm and − 2 mm were 2.51 and 2.48, respectively, and the DM1 values were 3.75 and 3.79, respectively, indicating that the mesopore structure of the fine PSS was complex, whereas macropores were present in the coarse PSS. MATLAB was programmed to obtain grayscale thresholds, binarized images, grayscale histograms, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images and box dimensions, which enabled us to observe the microstructures and self-similarities of the CSD. Self-similarity studies based on particle sizes are very important for functional application of CSD.Please note that article title mismatch between MS and JS we have followed MS, kindly check and cofirm.Yes, I have checked and confirmed.Kindly check and confirm corresponding author mail id are correctly identified.Yes, I have checked and confirmed.